童话镇

编辑同志： 在国际市场能源价格飙升的背景下，欧美各国呼吁对能源企业征收暴利税。请问何为暴利税？ 山西读者白宇 暴利税是指对特定公司或产业突然获得的暴利采用更高的税率征税。         Core castings for the world's most powerful onshore wind turbine Photo: website of Science and Technology Daily
The core castings for the world's most powerful onshore wind turbine in terms of single‑unit capacity have recently been delivered by a Chinese company, marking a technological breakthrough in the large‑megawatt onshore wind power castings, domestic news portal stdaily.com affiliated with Science and Technology Daily reported on Wednesday.
Independently developed by Dalian Huarui Heavy Industry Group Co., Ltd. (DHHI), the delivered components include the bearing housing and base castings for 15 MW doubly fed onshore wind turbines. The components need to bear the huge gravity, wind loads and alternating loads transmitted from the blades and hub, and transfer the loads to the generator, ensuring steady rotation of the main shaft. 
The products passed all customer inspections and assessments in one go and were officially delivery, stdaily.com reported.
Adopting an advanced modular design, the turbine components delivered can support flexible power adjustment ranging from 13 MW to 16 MW, enabling adaptive operation to varying and complex wind conditions across diverse regions, the report said.
The turbine's rotor diameter ranges from 240 meters to 260 meters, and are compatible with tower heights of 135 meters to 190 meters, delivering a maximum swept area of 53,000 square meters, roughly 8 standard football pitchs (105m×68m). This places the unit's overall performance among the world's top-tier.
Such super-large castings place extremely high demand on material properties, casting processes, dimensional accuracy and internal quality. The successful validation and delivery of the products therefore demonstrate the research and development, as well as manufacturing capabilities in super‑large wind power castings, stdaily.com reported.
Global Times
。暴利税在英语中为Windfall Tax，Windfall是指被风吹落的果子，引申指意外之财，Tax指税收。对意外之财征税，就是暴利税了。地缘政治造成油价飙升，进而对能源企业征暴利税，这样的情况此前在美国就出现过。

二 | 上世纪七八十年代，受石油输出国组织实施石油禁运和伊朗伊斯兰革命等因素影响，国际油价大幅走高。在此背景下，美国于1980年颁布了《原油暴利税法》，对油企生产的原油征税，税率在30%到70%不等。不过到上世纪80年代末，随着国际市场油价回落，美国里根政府就取消了这一针对油企的暴利税。此后，每当国际市场油价飙升，美国就有政客提出对油企征暴利税，但均未付诸实践。今年5月，英国时任首相约翰逊政府宣布向能源企业征收暴利税，税率为25%。事实上，英国政府此前也征收过暴利税，而且对象不限于能源企业。1981年，撒切尔政府曾对银行征收过暴利税；1997年，工党政府对私有化的公用事业公司征收过暴利税。通常认为，政府征收暴利税有利于调节收入分配，特别是当今西方社会，通胀飙升、人民生活负担加剧，将从能源产业征收的税款用于补贴公私用度，有相当高的民意基础。但也有经济学家指出，征收暴利税会影响企业投资信心，不利于产业长远发展。也有批评人士认为征收暴利税是一种武断行为：既然意外盈利会被额外征税，那么亏损时能否要求政府补贴呢？（汪品植）